Topographic survey (topographic plan preparation) – creation of a digital model of a specific geographic area (territory, land plot) and input of the existing situation into a computer. • Staking out (setting out) – transferring the project design onto the actual site. • Monitoring – establishing points on any surface and observing their changes over time (e.g., monitoring a landslide body). • Volume calculation – calculating and controlling earthwork volumes (e.g., cut and fill control).
